Criminal Law
Mehrnoosh Abozari
Abstract
Despite the adoption of differential criminal policy in the field of juvenile offenses against adults and the admission of people under the age of 18 as a group of children and adolescents under certain domestic and international laws, the age range and the commencement of criminal responsibility have ...
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Despite the adoption of differential criminal policy in the field of juvenile offenses against adults and the admission of people under the age of 18 as a group of children and adolescents under certain domestic and international laws, the age range and the commencement of criminal responsibility have remained controversial. From the point of view that the Atomic attitude towards the initiation of criminal responsibility is absolute in the girl of 9 years and in the 15-year-old boy of the whole lunar age, or that the formation of criminal responsibility and the readiness of the acceptance of punishment are gradual, Each stage of development is progressively graded, from the mild to the full scale.This is due to the author's view of the dominance of Aristotelian logic in the legislator's view that the adoption of a fuzzy view and application of this view in the discussion of the age of criminal responsibility can be categorized by criminal responsibility and the punishment of perpetrators by category. Shape their age and guide cohesion in legislator performance and judgment towards discriminatory criminal policy. By doing this research, the author is trying to investigate the feasibility and the way of applying fuzzy attitude in the age of criminal responsibility. Does this attitude contribute to the development of a child and adolescent support system and the integrity of the process? Therefore, while explaining the fuzzy attitude and the necessity of its application in different domains, its rules in the area of criminal responsibility are presented by fuzzy diagrams and fuzzy inference system, so that the necessity of applying fuzzy attitude and how to apply fuzzy calculations in drawing the relationship with age are presented. State the degree of criminal responsibility and the type of punishment and the benefits.
Mohsen Borhani; Mehrnoosh Abouzari
Abstract
In recent years, the discussion of the access of all countries to essential drugs has been raised as a moral challenge, most of which the granting of intellectual property rights to the of this industry and the lack of access of developing countries to these products. Though this industries have tried ...
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In recent years, the discussion of the access of all countries to essential drugs has been raised as a moral challenge, most of which the granting of intellectual property rights to the of this industry and the lack of access of developing countries to these products. Though this industries have tried to justify themselves with economic and legal arguments, but the result is creating a link between the industries and low-income countries. Thus, the discussion is whether substantially the intellectual property of essential drugs is applicable and whether should not this property be defined in the light of the concept of treatment and human need for treatment? What is the justification for this discussion? Is the right to health and access to medicines is based on ethical principles, or does legal bases support this? The other is the right to have access to everyone will they take medications, or will they just allocate the necessary medications in this domain to drug inventions? It seems legal principles and there is an ethical need for protecting people's health in accessing the necessary drugs to allocate the right to drug innovations. This paper, in two parts of the legal and ethical justification of the debate, seeks to address the conflict between the right to health and the right to intellectual property on inventions providing arguments in two aspects and explaining the ethical justification of this preference by preferring the ethical responsibility of the right to health.
